SVD (Dragunov)

SVD (Dragunov)
Current production SVD with synthetic stock.
Type	Sniper rifle, designated marksman rifle
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1963–present
Used by	See Users
Wars	Vietnam War, Cambodian–Vietnamese War, Soviet war in Afghanistan, Gulf War, Somali Civil War, Operation Restore Hope,Operation Gothic Serpent, War in Afghanistan (2001-present), Iraq War, Yugoslav Wars, First and Second Chechen Wars,Cambodian–Thai border dispute,2008 South Ossetia War, Kargil War, Libyan civil war, Syrian civil war
Production history
Designer	Yevgeny Dragunov
Designed	1958–1963
Manufacturer	Izhmash, Ordnance Factories Organisation, Norinco
Produced	1963–present
Variants	See Variants
Specifications
Weight	4.30 kg (9.48 lb) (with scope and unloaded magazine) 4.68 kg (10.3 lb) (SVDS) 4.40 kg (9.7 lb) (SVU) 5.02 kg (11.1 lb) (SWD-M)
Length	1,225 mm (48.2 in) (SVD) 1,135 mm (44.7 in) stock extended / 815 mm (32.1 in) stock folded (SVDS) 900 mm (35.4 in) (SVU) 1,125 mm (44.3 in) (SWD-M)
Barrel length	610 mm (24.0 in) (SVD, SWD-M) 565 mm (22.2 in) (SVDS) 600 mm (23.6 in) (SVU)
Cartridge	7.62×54mmR 5.45×39mm (Assault Rifle variant)
Action	Gas-operated, rotating bolt
Muzzle velocity	830 m/s (2,723 ft/s) (SVD, SVDS, SWD-M) 800 m/s (2,624.7 ft/s) (SVU)
Effective range	800 m
Maximum range	1,300 m with scope 1,200 m with iron sights
Feed system	10-round detachable box magazine
Sights	PSO-1 telescopic sight and iron sights with an adjustable rear notch sight

The Dragunov sniper rifle (formally Russian: Снайперская винтовка Драгунова, Snayperskaya Vintovka Dragunova (SVD), literally "Dragunov's sniper rifle") is a semi-automatic sniper rifle/designated marksman rifle chambered in 7.62×54mmR and developed in the Soviet Union.

The Dragunov was designed as a squad support weapon, since according to Soviet and Soviet-derived military doctrines the long-range engagement ability was lost to ordinary troops when submachine guns and assault rifles (which are optimized for close-range and medium-range, rapid-fire combat) were adopted. For that reason it was originally named "Полуавтоматическая винтовка Драгунова"Dragunov's Semi-automatic Rifle.

It was selected as the winner of a contest that included three competing designs: the first was a rifle designed by Sergei Simonov (known as the SSV-58), the second design, a prototype designated 2B-W10 by Alexander Konstantinov, and the third rifle, the SVD-137, a design submitted by Yevgeny Dragunov. Extensive field testing of the rifles conducted in a wide range of environmental conditions resulted in Dragunov’s proposal being accepted into service in 1963. An initial pre-production batch consisting of 200 rifles was assembled for evaluation purposes, and from 1964 serial production was carried out by Izhmash.

Since then, the Dragunov has become the standard squad support weapon of several countries, including those of the former Warsaw Pact. Licensed production of the rifle was established in China (Type 79 and Type 85) and Iran (as a direct copy of the Chinese Type 79).